1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Logarithm base 10

Explanation: The pH value decreases as hydrogen ion concentration increases, indicating higher acidity.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and material properties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be positive (concentration > 0). The result is dimensionless.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal pH range for blood?
A: Normal blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45. Values outside this range indicate acidosis or alkalosis.

Q2: How does pH relate to pOH?
A: In aqueous solutions at 25°C, pH + pOH = 14. pOH is calculated similarly using hydroxide ion concentration.

Q3: What's the pH of pure water?
A: At 25°C, pure water has a pH of 7 (neutral) as [H+] = 1×10⁻⁷ mol/L.

Q4: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for extremely concentrated acids (pH < 0) or bases (pH > 14), though such solutions are rarely encountered.

Q5: Why is logarithmic scale used for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (10⁰ to 10⁻¹⁴ mol/L) into a manageable 0-14 scale.