1. What is EPSS?

EPSS (E-point to Septal Separation) is a measurement obtained from echocardiography that represents the distance between the mitral valve E-point and the interventricular septum during early diastole. It correlates with left ventricular function.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the linear regression equation:

Where:

• \( EF \) — Ejection fraction (%)
• \( EPSS \) — E-point to septal separation (cm)

Explanation: This equation provides an estimate of ejection fraction based on the EPSS measurement from M-mode echocardiography.

3. Importance of Ejection Fraction

Details: Ejection fraction is a key measure of left ventricular systolic function, used to diagnose and monitor heart failure, assess prognosis, and guide treatment decisions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the EPSS measurement in centimeters. The value must be ≥0. Normal EPSS is typically <7 mm (0.7 cm).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How accurate is EPSS for estimating EF?
A: EPSS correlates well with EF in most patients but may be less accurate in certain conditions like mitral stenosis or aortic regurgitation.

Q2: What are normal EPSS values?
A: Normal EPSS is typically 0-7 mm (0-0.7 cm). Values >10 mm (1.0 cm) suggest reduced left ventricular function.

Q3: When is EPSS most useful?
A: EPSS is particularly helpful when good quality 2D images for EF measurement are difficult to obtain.

Q4: What are limitations of this method?
A: Accuracy may be affected by mitral valve disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, or abnormal septal motion.

Q5: Should this replace formal EF measurement?
A: No, this provides an estimate. Formal echocardiographic EF measurement should be performed when precise assessment is needed.