1. What is the Hydraulic Flow Equation?

The hydraulic flow equation (Q = C A √(2 g h)) calculates the volumetric flow rate of liquid through an opening or pipe. It's fundamental in fluid mechanics and hydraulic engineering applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the hydraulic flow equation:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
• \( C \) — Discharge coefficient (unitless)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (m²)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
• \( h \) — Height difference or head (m)

Explanation: The equation accounts for the relationship between flow rate, opening size, and pressure head.

3. Importance of Hydraulic Calculations

Details: Accurate flow rate calculation is crucial for designing water supply systems, drainage systems, hydraulic structures, and fluid control systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in consistent units (meters and seconds). Typical discharge coefficients range from 0.6 to 1.0 depending on the orifice shape and flow conditions.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical discharge coefficient value?
A: For sharp-edged orifices, C ≈ 0.6-0.65. For well-rounded entrances, C ≈ 0.95-1.0.

Q2: Can this be used for pipe flow calculations?
A: Yes, but for full pipe flow, the Darcy-Weisbach equation may be more appropriate.

Q3: What are the limitations of this equation?
A: Assumes steady, incompressible flow with constant head and negligible viscosity effects.

Q4: How does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Temperature affects fluid density and viscosity, but these effects are not accounted for in this basic equation.

Q5: Can this be used for gases?
A: No, this form is for incompressible fluids. Gas flow requires different equations accounting for compressibility.