1. What is Electron Velocity?

Electron velocity refers to the speed at which an electron moves through space. It's calculated by dividing the electron's momentum by its mass (9.11 × 10⁻³¹ kg).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the electron velocity equation:

Where:

• \( v \) — Electron velocity (m/s)
• \( p \) — Momentum (kg·m/s)
• \( m \) — Electron mass (9.11 × 10⁻³¹ kg)

Explanation: The velocity of an electron is directly proportional to its momentum and inversely proportional to its mass.

3. Importance of Electron Velocity Calculation

Details: Calculating electron velocity is essential in quantum mechanics, electronics, and particle physics. It helps understand electron behavior in atoms, semiconductors, and particle accelerators.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the electron's momentum in kg·m/s. The calculator will automatically use the standard electron mass (9.11 × 10⁻³¹ kg) to compute the velocity.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the typical velocity of an electron in an atom?
A: In hydrogen atoms, electron velocity is about 2.2 × 10⁶ m/s (about 1% of light speed).

Q2: Can electrons reach the speed of light?
A: According to special relativity, electrons can approach but never reach light speed as their mass would become infinite.

Q3: How does electron velocity relate to energy?
A: Kinetic energy = ½mv². At relativistic speeds, the full energy-momentum relation must be used.

Q4: What affects electron velocity in conductors?
A: Applied voltage, temperature, and material properties affect drift velocity (typically mm/s), which differs from instantaneous velocity.

Q5: How is electron velocity measured experimentally?
A: Through techniques like time-of-flight measurements, cyclotron resonance, or spectroscopy.