1. What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?

The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences. It provides a mathematical model for studying population genetics.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Hardy-Weinberg equation:

Where:

• \( q \) — Frequency of recessive allele (dimensionless)
• \( q^2 \) — Frequency of homozygous recessive genotype (dimensionless)
• \( p \) — Frequency of dominant allele (1 - q)
• \( 2pq \) — Frequency of heterozygous genotype

Explanation: The equation calculates allele frequencies from observed genotype frequencies, assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

3. Importance of Allele Frequency Calculation

Details: Calculating allele frequencies is fundamental in population genetics, helping to understand genetic variation, predict disease risks, and study evolutionary processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the observed frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (q²) as a decimal between 0 and 1. The calculator will solve for q, p, and 2pq.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A: The assumptions are: no mutation, random mating, no natural selection, extremely large population size, and no gene flow.

Q2: How accurate is this calculation in real populations?
A: It provides a theoretical baseline. Real populations often deviate due to evolutionary forces like selection, drift, or migration.

Q3: Can I use this for X-linked traits?
A: No, this calculator is for autosomal traits. X-linked traits require different calculations accounting for hemizygosity in males.

Q4: What if I know p instead of q²?
A: You can calculate q as 1 - p, then q² would be (1 - p)².

Q5: How can I test if a population is in H-W equilibrium?
A: Use a chi-square test to compare observed genotype frequencies to expected frequencies from allele frequencies.