1. What is a Punnett Square?

A Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of offspring from parental alleles. For blood types, it helps determine the probability of inheriting different blood types based on parental genotypes.

2. How Blood Type Inheritance Works

Blood type inheritance follows Mendelian genetics with three alleles: IA (A), IB (B), and i (O). The A and B alleles are codominant, while O is recessive.

Where:

• \( P \) — Probability of offspring blood type
• \( F \) — Number of favorable genotype combinations
• \( T \) — Total possible genotype combinations (4 for simple Punnett square)

3. Understanding the Results

Details: The percentages represent the statistical probability of each blood type appearing in offspring. Actual results may vary due to random assortment of alleles.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Select the blood types of both parents. The calculator will show the probability distribution of possible blood types for their children.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can two A blood type parents have an O child?
A: Yes, if both parents are heterozygous (AO genotype), there's a 25% chance of an O child.

Q2: Why can AB parents sometimes have O children?
A: They can't. AB parents must pass either A or B allele, making O blood type impossible.

Q3: What's the rarest blood type combination?
A: AB negative is the rarest (about 1% of population), while O positive is most common.

Q4: Does this calculator account for Rh factor?
A: No, this only calculates ABO blood group probabilities. Rh inheritance is separate.

Q5: How accurate are these probabilities?
A: They represent statistical probabilities - actual outcomes in small families may vary.