1. What is Rolling Resistance?

Rolling resistance is the force that resists the motion when a body (like a wheel) rolls on a surface. It's caused primarily by deformation of the wheel, deformation of the surface, or friction between the wheel and surface.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the rolling resistance formula:

Where:

• \( F_{rr} \) — Rolling resistance force (N)
• \( C_{rr} \) — Coefficient of rolling resistance (dimensionless)
• \( N \) — Normal force (N)

Explanation: The rolling resistance force is directly proportional to both the coefficient of rolling resistance and the normal force acting on the object.

3. Importance of Rolling Resistance Calculation

Details: Calculating rolling resistance is crucial for designing efficient vehicles, predicting fuel consumption, and optimizing performance in various applications from bicycles to industrial machinery.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the coefficient of rolling resistance (typically 0.001-0.03 for car tires on concrete) and the normal force (equal to weight for horizontal surfaces). All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are typical values for C_rr?
A: Car tires on concrete: 0.01-0.015; bicycle tires: 0.002-0.005; train wheels on rails: 0.001-0.002.

Q2: How does tire pressure affect rolling resistance?
A: Lower pressure increases rolling resistance due to greater tire deformation, while higher pressure reduces it (but may affect comfort and traction).

Q3: Is rolling resistance the same as friction?
A: No, rolling resistance is primarily caused by energy loss from deformation, while friction is a surface interaction force.

Q4: How can I reduce rolling resistance?
A: Use harder materials, maintain proper inflation, choose smooth surfaces, and minimize deformation through design.

Q5: Why is rolling resistance important for electric vehicles?
A: Lower rolling resistance directly increases range by reducing energy needed to maintain motion.