1. What is Flue Gas Density?

Flue gas density is a measure of mass per unit volume of exhaust gases produced by combustion processes. It's important for designing ventilation systems, calculating buoyancy effects, and assessing environmental impacts.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the ideal gas law equation:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Density (kg/m³)
• \( P \) — Pressure (Pa)
• \( M \) — Average molar mass of gas mixture (kg/mol)
• \( R \) — Universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K)
• \( T \) — Absolute temperature (K)

Explanation: The equation relates the density of a gas to its pressure, molar mass, and temperature under ideal conditions.

3. Importance of Flue Gas Density Calculation

Details: Accurate density calculations are crucial for designing exhaust systems, calculating stack gas velocities, determining buoyancy effects, and ensuring proper dispersion of emissions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter pressure in Pascals, average molar mass in kg/mol, and temperature in Kelvin. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is typical flue gas composition?
A: Flue gas typically contains N₂, CO₂, H₂O, O₂, and small amounts of other gases. The exact composition depends on fuel type and combustion conditions.

Q2: How do I determine average molar mass?
A: Calculate it as the sum of (mole fraction × molar mass) for each component gas in the mixture.

Q3: What pressure should I use?
A: Use absolute pressure (atmospheric pressure plus any gauge pressure in the system).

Q4: Are there limitations to this equation?
A: The ideal gas law becomes less accurate at very high pressures or low temperatures where real gas behavior deviates from ideal.

Q5: How does temperature affect flue gas density?
A: Density decreases with increasing temperature (inverse relationship), which affects buoyancy and dispersion characteristics.