1. What is Flow Velocity?

Flow velocity is the speed at which a fluid flows through a given cross-sectional area. It's a fundamental concept in fluid dynamics and is used in various engineering and physics applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the flow velocity equation:

Where:

• \( v \) — Flow velocity (m/s)
• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (m²)

Explanation: The equation shows that flow velocity is directly proportional to the flow rate and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area.

3. Importance of Flow Velocity Calculation

Details: Flow velocity is crucial for designing piping systems, understanding blood flow in vessels, calculating river currents, and many other applications in engineering and science.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in cubic meters per second (m³/s) and the cross-sectional area in square meters (m²). Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are typical flow velocity values in pipes?
A: For water in residential plumbing, 1-3 m/s is common. Higher velocities may cause excessive pressure drops or noise.

Q2: How does velocity relate to pressure?
A: According to Bernoulli's principle, as velocity increases, pressure decreases (assuming no height change).

Q3: What's the difference between flow rate and flow velocity?
A: Flow rate is the volume of fluid passing per unit time, while velocity is the speed at which the fluid moves.

Q4: Can this be used for gases as well as liquids?
A: Yes, the basic equation applies to both, though compressibility effects may need consideration for gases at high velocities.

Q5: What if my cross-section isn't circular?
A: The equation works for any shape - just use the correct cross-sectional area (rectangle, ellipse, etc.).