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Flow Equation:
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The flow calculation equation estimates volumetric flow rate from differential pressure measurements, commonly used in fluid dynamics and engineering applications. It provides a fundamental relationship between pressure drop and flow rate through a restriction.
The calculator uses the flow equation:
Where:
Explanation: The equation relates the flow rate through an orifice or restriction to the square root of the pressure difference across it, adjusted by the discharge coefficient and fluid density.
Details: Accurate flow rate estimation is crucial for designing fluid systems, measuring process flows, and optimizing industrial applications where pressure drop measurements are available.
Tips: Enter the discharge coefficient (typically 0.6-0.9 for orifices), differential pressure in Pascals, and fluid density in kg/m³. All values must be positive.
Q1: What is the discharge coefficient?
A: The discharge coefficient accounts for energy losses and flow contraction through the restriction. It depends on the geometry of the restriction and Reynolds number.
Q2: What are typical values for C?
A: For sharp-edged orifices: ~0.62, for well-rounded nozzles: ~0.98. Consult engineering references for specific geometries.
Q3: What units should be used?
A: The equation requires consistent SI units: Pascals for pressure, kg/m³ for density, yielding m³/s for flow rate.
Q4: Are there limitations to this equation?
A: Assumes incompressible flow, steady-state conditions, and negligible viscosity effects beyond what's captured in C.
Q5: Can this be used for gases?
A: For gases at low pressure differences (ΔP/P < 0.2), but requires modification for compressible flow at higher pressure ratios.