1. What is Column Buckling?

Column buckling, also known as Euler buckling, is a failure mode that occurs when a slender column under axial compressive load deflects laterally due to instability. The critical buckling load is the maximum load a column can carry before buckling occurs.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Euler buckling formula:

Where:

• \( P_{cr} \) — Critical buckling load (N)
• \( E \) — Modulus of elasticity (Pa)
• \( I \) — Moment of inertia (m⁴)
• \( K \) — Effective length factor (dimensionless)
• \( L \) — Length of column (m)

Explanation: The formula shows that buckling load depends on material stiffness (E), cross-section geometry (I), boundary conditions (K), and column length (L).

3. Importance of Buckling Calculation

Details: Calculating critical buckling load is essential for structural design to ensure columns can safely support intended loads without failing due to instability.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in consistent units (Pa for E, m⁴ for I, m for L). Common K values: 1.0 (pinned-pinned), 0.5 (fixed-fixed), 0.7 (fixed-pinned), 2.0 (fixed-free).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are typical K values for different end conditions?
A: Pinned-pinned: 1.0, Fixed-fixed: 0.5, Fixed-pinned: 0.7, Fixed-free: 2.0.

Q2: Does this formula work for all materials?
A: Yes, as long as the material remains elastic (no yielding occurs before buckling).

Q3: What's the difference between buckling and yielding?
A: Buckling is an instability failure, while yielding is a material strength failure.

Q4: What if my column is not perfectly straight?
A: Imperfections reduce buckling capacity - use appropriate safety factors.

Q5: How does cross-section shape affect buckling?
A: Shapes with higher moment of inertia (I) for same area resist buckling better.